Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the
skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue …

Abstract The flavonoids, baicalin (5, 6-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-7-Od-β-
glucuronic acid) 1 and its aglycone, baicalein 2 are found in edible medicinal plants …

Successful recovery from lung injury requires the repair and regeneration of alveolar
epithelial cells to restore the integrity of gas-exchanging regions within the lung and …

The natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been characterized as a
steady, predictable decline in lung function over time. Recent evidence suggests that some …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby fully differentiated epithelial
cells undergo transition to a mesenchymal phenotype giving rise to fibroblasts and …

Fibrosis is the formation of fibrous connective tissue in response to injury. It is characterized
by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen, at the site of …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the most potent and ubiquitous profibrogenic
cytokine, and its expression is increased in almost all the fibrotic diseases and in …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disorder with a poor
prognosis. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled …

Evolving technology and advances in medical knowledge mandate a need to update these
guidelines. The aim of this report is to assist physicians throughout the world in referring …

Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are key stromal cells mediating the desmoplastic
reaction and being partially responsible for the drug-resistance and immunosuppressive …