The problems related to energy consumption and improvement of the network lifetime of
WSN (wireless sensor network) have been considered. The base station (BS) location is the …

Wireless sensor network is widely used in various applications such as military surveillance,
wildlife monitoring, industrial process monitoring. Coverage hole detection and recovery is a …

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has inexpensive, small, and less energy sensor nodes,
which are allocated in random ways in particular areas for measuring the phenomenon or …

Due to massive data traffic, wireless network congestion is inevitable, causing network
performance deterioration and data transmission quality reduction. By adjustingthe traffic …

WSNs are usually equipped with a large number of sensor nodes that are designed and
deployed to distribute and distribute the required data. Although sensors are sometimes …

Aims and Background: A self-configured and infrastructure-less wireless network is named
as a wireless sensor network (WSN), which has the role of monitoring physical or …

The rapid development of wireless technology has led to the availability of a wide range of
networked devices that support numerous applications. Small wireless devices that are …

Smart parks are almost an integral part of any smart city. People of varied age groups
usually gather in the smart park and performs different activities of daily living (ADL). People …

Heterogeneous wireless sensing networks (HWSNs) that are limited by their batteries' power
consumption might benefit greatly from more efficient routing algorithms. It is essential that …

One of the main challenges for researchers to build routing protocols is how to use energy
efficiently to extend the lifespan of the whole wireless sensor networks (WSN) because …