Over the last three decades, the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy
(VER) disease has become a serious problem of marine finfish aquaculture, and more …

Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLR s) are found conservatively
present in teleost fish. All three members, RIG‐I, MDA 5 and LGP 2, together with the …

Abstract RIG-I–like receptor (RLR)–mediated antiviral signaling is critical to trigger the
immune response to virus infection; however, the antiviral responses are also tightly …

Yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) is an important economic fish, which is seriously
threatened by various fish viruses. In this study, a cell line designated as ALL derived from …

Pre-mRNA splicing is the process by which introns are removed and the protein coding
elements assembled into mature mRNAs. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing provides an …

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a highly pathogenic RNA virus, is a major pathogen in the
global aquaculture industry. To efficiently infect fish, NNV must evade or subvert the host IFN …

Abstract The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is an effective way to improve understanding of the
assessing soil quality and understanding of the heterogeneity of soil quality and encourage …

Viral nervous necrosis disease, caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is one of the most
serious diseases in many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. To better …

Abstract Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a major regulator contributing to the
host away from viral infection. Here, an IRF3 gene from sea perch (LjIRF3) was identified …