Microglia are critical nervous system‐specific immune cells serving as tissue‐resident
macrophages influencing brain development, maintenance of the neural environment …

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved
sensor of cellular energy status and has been reported to be involved in chronic …

Background Our previous study indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically
involved in chronic pain. Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a novel stress-inducible protein, is evidenced to …

The high energetic demand of the brain deems this organ rather sensitive to changes in
energy supply. Therefore, even minor alterations in energy metabolism may underlie …

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost
universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. While it appears to have evolved in single-celled …

Calorie restriction (CR) is neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease (PD) although the
mechanisms are unknown. In this study we hypothesized that elevated ghrelin, a gut …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly characterized by the progressive degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neuroinflammation …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises two cognate endocannabinoid receptors
referred to as CB1R and CB2R. ECS dysregulation is apparent in neurodegenerative/neuro …

In the last decade tremendous progress has been made in understanding how the immune
system reacts to insults. During this progress it became obvious that those immune …

Microglia are the largest myeloid cell population in the brain. During injury, disease, or
inflammation, microglia adopt different functional states primarily involved in restoring brain …