In the current century, the development of medicine and molecular biotechnology led to
successful containment and even eradication of some human pathogens, especially in …

Vaccination is the best method for the prevention and control of influenza. Vaccination can
reduce illness and lessen severity of infection. This review focuses on how currently …

Highlights•Aging is associated with a decline in immune function termed 'immune
senescence'.•Effective influenza vaccines need to be developed for better protection the …

Viral infectious diseases threaten human health and global stability. Several vaccine
platforms, such as DNA, mRNA, recombinant viral vectors, and virus-like particle-based …

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is an attractive vaccination method compared with
conventional injectable vaccines because it is easier to administer without pain. We …

Despite the high success of protection against several infectious diseases through effective
vaccines, some sub-populations have been observed to respond poorly to vaccines, putting …

Nowadays, viruses are not only seen as causative agents of viral infectious diseases but
also as valuable research materials for various biomedical purposes, including recombinant …

Background: Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is a novel, cap-dependent endonuclease
inhibitor that has previously demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of influenza in adults and …

The alarming rise of morbidity and mortality caused by influenza pandemics and epidemics
has drawn attention worldwide since the last few decades. This life‐threatening problem …

Over the last two decades virus‑like particles (VLPs) have become an important tool in
biomedical research and medicine. VLPs are multi‑protein structures that resemble viable …