Despite the increasing use of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) in language learning,
few studies explored how to develop collaborative partnership between AIs and humans …

Technological advancements have improved the capabilities of pedagogical agents to
communicate with students. However, an increased use of pedagogical agents in learning …

Teaching the contents of study materials by providing explanations to fellow students can be
a beneficial instructional activity. A learning-by-teaching effect can also occur when students …

This work investigates large language models (LLMs) as teachable agents for learning by
teaching (LBT). LBT with teachable agents helps learners identify knowledge gaps and …

This handbook consists of 28 chapters, covering the major topics in Socially Inter active
Agents (SIAs). Each chapter provides a survey that summarizes the theoret ical background …

Most blended graduate courses engage students in peer feedback activities based on
sociocultural theories of learning. Despite its growing importance, little is known about the …

Virtual humans are embodied agents with a human-like appearance. In educational
contexts, virtual humans are often designed to help people learn. In this special issue, we …

For decades, educational research has demonstrated that students benefit academically
from acting as a teacher, that is, tutoring other students face-to-face (eg, Allen, 1976; Ehly et …

Student question generation (SQG) is an effective strategy for improving reading
comprehension. It helps students improve their understanding of reading materials …

This study was conducted to meta-analytically investigate the influence of teaching vs. no
teaching expectancy on the learning effects of teaching after preparatory learning. A meta …