Background Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, therapeutic options for treating
COVID-19 have been investigated at different stages of clinical manifestations. Considering …

During the last three and a half years (2020–2023), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines wanes over time and the emergence of the SARS-
CoV-2 Omicron variant led to the accelerated expansion of efforts for booster vaccination …

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the transmission risk of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA. 2 variant and the …

The development and use of messenger RNA-based (mRNA) vaccines against the SARS-
CoV-2 spike protein have proven to be highly effective against symptomatic COVID-19 …

Scientists have made great efforts to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) to provide crucial information to public health …

Background Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the
world, many studies on innate immunity in COVID-19 have been published, and great …

Introduction Booster vaccinations are required to maintain protection against COVID-19.
COPD patients are at higher risk of developing severe illness following SARS-CoV-2 …

Background. The course of the COVID-19 epidemic process depends on population
immunity which prevents pathogen spread. Aim: to study an evolution of SARS-CoV-2 …

Little studies evaluated the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19
vaccines against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and …