Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock represent increasingly severe systemic
inflammatory responses to infection. Sepsis is common in the aging population, and it …

Sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of death in intensive care units
worldwide. Numerous studies on their pathophysiology have revealed an imbalance in the …

The short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) are the
main metabolic products of anaerobic bacteria fermentation in the intestine. In addition to …

Previous anti-inflammatory strategies against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals,
had limited efficacy in clinical trials, in part because they targeted single cytokines and the …

Recent observations have demonstrated that one of the functions of mesenchymal
stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is to serve as guardians against excessive inflammatory …

Sepsis causes over 200,000 deaths yearly in the US; better treatments are urgently needed.
Administering bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs—also known as mesenchymal stem cells) …

Background: Sepsis is a deadly immunological disorder and its pathophysiology is still
poorly understood. We aimed to determine if specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory …

Engagement of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signals two diametrically opposed
pathways: survival-inflammation and cell death. An additional switch decides, depending on …

Objective: To evaluate whether TAK-242, a small-molecule inhibitor of Toll-like receptor-4–
mediated signaling, suppresses cytokine levels and improves 28-day all-cause mortality …

Sepsis is a state of disrupted inflammatory homeostasis that is often initiated by infection.
The development and progression of sepsis is multi-factorial, and affects the cardiovascular …