The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an
immediate urgency to discover promising targets for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug …

Target-based drug discovery is the dominant paradigm of drug discovery; however, a
comprehensive evaluation of its real-world efficiency is lacking. Here, a manual systematic …

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a cell factory and as an important
eukaryal model organism for studying cellular physiology related to human health and …

There have been efforts to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models
for nanomaterials (NMs). Since NMs have quite different kinetic behaviors, the applicability …

In silico tools and resources are now used commonly in toxicology and to support the “Next
Generation Risk Assessment”(NGRA) of cosmetics ingredients or materials. This review …

Drug delivery platforms are anticipated to have biocompatible and bioinert surfaces.
PEGylation of drug carriers is the most approved method since it improves water solubility …

Highlights•Functional graph (FunGraph) theory emerges to map pharmacogenetic
architecture.•The core tenet of FunGraph is to combine functional mapping and evolutionary …

The covalent modification of proteins with polymers is a well-established method for
improving the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutically valuable biologics. The …

The origins of pharmacogenetics date back to the 1950s, when it was established that inter-
individual differences in drug response are partially determined by genetic factors. Since …

Highlights•Causal inference combines model and data to identify causations from
correlations.•Causality is indispensable for intervention, what if questions, and …