Gut microbiota is an important modulator of human health and contributes to high inter-
individual variation in response to food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The clinical …

Individual variability in drug response (IVDR) can be a major cause of adverse drug
reactions (ADRs) and prolonged therapy, resulting in a substantial health and economic …

Background Disturbed bile acid homeostasis associated with a rise of primary and a decline
of secondary bile acids is a consistent finding in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting disease with a
remarkable increase in incidence worldwide and a substantial disease burden. Although the …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute a complex panel of disorders
characterized with chronic inflammation affecting the alimentary canal along with extra …

Background Endoscopic healing (EH) is a therapeutic target in ulcerative colitis (UC).
However, even patients who have achieved EH relapse frequently. Aims To investigate the …

The human microbiome is associated with human health and disease. Exogenous
compounds, including pharmaceutical products, are also known to be affected by the …

The therapeutic management of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic relapsing–remitting
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is highly challenging. Surgical resection is sometimes a …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been shown to be linked to inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) due to established risk factors such as obesity, age, and type 2 …

Introduction: A substantial number of Crohn's disease (CD) patients experience side-effects
and/or non-response to medical drugs. In part, this might be attributed to the interaction of …