Executive summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common
neurological disorders, and poses a substantial public health burden. TBI is increasingly …

Neurofilament proteins have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-
axonal injury. The advent of highly sensitive analytical platforms that enable reliable …

S100B is a calcium-binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes in the nervous system.
Its levels in biological fluids are recognized as a reliable biomarker of active neural distress …

This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal
injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of …

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of serum tau, neurofilament light
chain (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase …

After mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a substantial proportion of individuals do not fully
recover on the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) or experience persistent post …

The cytoskeletal protein tau is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease which
is characterized by intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles containing abnormally …

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue affecting many people across the world,
causing significant morbidity and mortality. TBIs often have long-lasting effects, disrupting …

Background It is unknown if fluid biomarkers reflective of brain pathologies are useful in
detecting and following a neurodegenerative process in individuals exposed to repetitive …

Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a major cause of mortality and neurological disability
affecting people of all ages worldwide, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to …