Abstract Concept-cognitive learning (CCL), an emerging intelligence learning paradigm, has
recently become a popular research subject in artificial intelligence and cognitive …

Legal prediction presents one of the most significant challenges when applying artificial
intelligence (AI) to the legal field. The legal system is a complex adaptive system …

Interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy sets (IVFFSs) as an extension of Fermatean fuzzy sets
(FFSs) are a new powerful mathematical tool that apply interval value to describe …

If a decision depends on the views of a group of people, it is crucial that these views are
consistent, in particular if they are represented in terms of fuzzy preference relations …

As a novel linguistic representation tool, flexible linguistic expression (FLE) has substantial
flexibility in expressing ambiguous and uncertain information from experts. However, FLEs …

Fuzzy relation equations are commonly utilized to describe the fuzzy relationship between
the antecedent and the consequent parts of complex data environment, and play a vital role …

The pursuit of clinical effectiveness in real-world settings is at the core of clinical practice
progression. In this study, we address a long-term clinical efficacy evaluation decision …

Gaussian fuzzy information granule (GFIG) and its linear form provide a novel perspective
for time series modeling. However, numerous studies show that asymmetric Laplace …

One of the current research gaps in multi-scale data analysis is studying information systems
characterized by attributes with interval sets as attribute values and multiple scales. To …

The main aim of the paper is to discuss the architecture for the future Intelligent Systems
(IS's) and Decision Support Systems (DS's) dealing with complex phenomena such as …