A major function of T helper (Th) 17 cells is to induce the production of factors that activate
and mobilize neutrophils. Although Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of …

Two distinct helper T (TH) subsets, TH1 and TH17, mediate tissue damage and inflammation
in animal models of various immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid …

Dendritic cells (DCs) produce cytokines and are susceptible to cytokine-mediated activation.
Thus, interaction of resting immature DCs with TLR ligands, for example nucleic acids, or …

Cortical lesions constitute an important part of multiple sclerosis pathology. Although
inflammation appears to play a role in their formation, the mechanisms leading to …

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic
enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least …

Understanding the factors that influence T helper 1 (TH1)-and TH2-cell responses has been
one of the main focuses of immunology for almost 20 years. Whereas the central role of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is probably aetiologically heterogeneous. Systematic genetic
epidemiological and molecular genetic studies have provided important insights. Both …

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an aberrant immune
response. Inflammation in IBD may be caused by the loss of homeostasis between CD4+ …

Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing cells have been shown to play important
roles in inflammation and the immune response. IL-17 is believed to be mainly produced by …

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine that links nutritional status with
neuroendocrine and immune functions. In humans, leptin influences energy homeostasis …