Longstanding hypertension ultimately leads to heart failure (HF), and, as a consequence
most patients with HF have a history of hypertension. Conversely, absence of hypertension …

Most guidelines for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease recommend
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as first-choice therapy, whereas …

Common chronic diseases represent the greatest driver of rising healthcare costs, as well as
declining function, independence, and quality of life. Geroscience‐guided approaches seek …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease featuring skeletal muscle
wasting, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiomyopathy. Historically, respiratory failure has …

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular
childhood disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration and results …

Cardiac glycosides, the cardiotonic steroids such as digitalis have been in use as heart
ailment remedy since ages. They manipulate the renin-angiotensin axis to improve cardiac …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of
blood pressure and volume homeostasis, promoting critical structural changes in every …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review describes the discovery and development of ACE
inhibitors as antihypertensive agents, compares their efficacy, tolerability, and safety to …

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome includes a constellation of several well-established
risk factors, which need to be aggressively treated in order to prevent overt type 2 diabetes …

Hypertension represents a major common cardiovascular risk factor. Optimal control of high
blood pressure levels is recommended to reduce the global burden of hypertensive …