The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically
induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by macrophages,
monocytes, and T cells, and its expression is triggered by the immune system in response to …

The direct effects of physical activity on long bones are already recognized. However, little
information is available regarding distant osseous sites, such as maxillary bone. We …

Orthodontic patients complain of pain for the first few days after insertion of appliances.
Mechanical force has been reported to produce oxidants in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells …

Aim To compare the efficacy of surgical periodontal treatment (SPT) alone and PDT-assisted
surgery in participants with severe periodontitis. Material and methods The present clinical …

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess bone biomarkers and cytokines in
patients with conventional labial appliances (CLAs) and aligners. Materials and Methods …

Background/purpose Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is facilitated by two events; bone
resorption on the compression side and bone formation on the tension side simultaneously …

Background Prolonged treatment times are the main reason capable of affecting patient
compliance with orthodontic treatment. Objectives A systematic review was made to …

Micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) have been reported to accelerate orthodontic tooth
movement (OTM), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been reported to play a crucial role …

Background and objective: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) affords a exceptional window for
investigation of periodontal condition as the levels of inflammatory mediators, which …