Viruses that infect microbial hosts have traditionally been studied in laboratory settings with
a focus on either obligate lysis or persistent lysogeny. In the environment, these infection …

Drought stress is an alarming constraint to plant growth, development, and productivity
worldwide. However, plant-associated bacteria, fungi, and viruses can enhance stress …

Pivotal to projecting the fate of coral reefs is the capacity of reef-building corals to
acclimatize and adapt to climate change. Transgenerational plasticity may enable some …

Mucosal surfaces are a main entry point for pathogens and the principal sites of defense
against infection. Both bacteria and phage are associated with this mucus. Here we show …

The virome contains the most abundant and fastest mutating genetic elements on Earth. The
mammalian virome is constituted of viruses that infect host cells, virus-derived elements in …

In recent years plant viruses have been detected from many environments, including
domestic and wild plants and interfaces between these systems—aquatic sources, feces of …

The obligatory biotrophic oomycetes Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of downy
mildew, a destructive disease of grapevine worldwide. So far, chemical fungicides are …

Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating
insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are …

The distribution and diversity of RNA viruses in fungi is incompletely understood due to the
often cryptic nature of mycoviral infections and the focused study of primarily pathogenic …

Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage with an acidic and effervescent taste, is composed of
a multispecies microbial ecosystem with complex interactions that are characterized by both …