Plant adaptive strategies have been shaped during evolutionary development in the
constant interaction with a plethora of environmental factors, including the presence of …

Flowering plants have evolved extraordinarily diverse metabolites that underpin the floral
visual and olfactory signals enabling plant–pollinator interactions. In some cases, these …

Red‐flowered species have traditionally been related to ornithophily, and the 'bee
avoidance'hypothesis, that is, red flower colouration is a way to reduce visits from …

Colourful spots, stripes and rings decorate the corolla of most flowering plants and fulfil
important biotic and abiotic functions. Spatial differences in the pigmentation of epidermal …

Colour vision allows animals to use the information contained in the spectrum of light to
control important behavioural decisions such as selection of habitats, food or mates. Among …

Introduction Dendrobium nobile L. is a rare orchid plant with high medicinal and
ornamentalvalue, and extremely few genetic species resources are remaining in nature. In …

Bitter gourd is an economically important vegetable and medicinal crop distinguished by its
bitter fruits. Its stigma color is widely used to assess the distinctiveness, uniformity, and …

Flavonoids are plant-specific secondary metabolites that arose early during land-plant
colonisation, most likely evolving for protection from UV-B and other abiotic stresses. As …

Selection together with variation in floral traits can act to mold floral form, often driven by a
plant's predominant or most effective pollinators. To investigate the evolution of traits …

The Orchidaceae is rivaled only by the Asteraceae as the largest plant family, with the
estimated number of species exceeding 25,000 and encompassing more than 700 genera …