Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The
exposome can be classified into internal (eg, aging, hormones, and metabolic processes) …

I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Allergic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. An increase in their prevalence has
been associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, ie, the microorganisms and their …

Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining
health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is …

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2+
TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a …

IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a unique cytokine of the IL-17 family. Indeed, IL-25
exclusively was shown to strongly induce expression of the cytokines associated with type 2 …

Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug
delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either …

Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) are
chronic respiratory diseases. These two disorders often co-exist based on common …

Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and
immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides …

The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier
preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs …