Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by an enduring propensity for
generation of seizures. The pathogenic processes of seizure generation and recurrence are …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

Epileptogenic triggers are multifactorial and not well understood. Here we aimed to address
the hypothesis that inappropriate pro-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 10–20% of acquired epilepsy, which
typically develops within 2 years post-injury with poorly understood mechanisms. We …

Rationale: Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly glycolytic and generate the majority of their
energy via the breakdown of glucose to lactate. At the same time, a main role of ECs is to …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology
of epilepsy. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that …

Over the last 15 years, attention has been focused on dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature
and inflammation as important players in epileptogenic processes, with a specific emphasis …

Barriers are the hallmark of a healthy physiology, blood-brain barrier (BBB) being a tough
nut to crack for most of the antigens and chemical substances. The presence of tight …

Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, are highly plastic and possess multiple functional
phenotypes. Differences in phenotype in different regions and different states of epileptic …