Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the
extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) subtype, exosome is an extracellular nano-vesicle that sheds
from cells' surface and originates as intraluminal vesicles during endocytosis. Firstly, it was …

Viruses share many attributes in common with extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cellular
machinery that is used for EV production, packaging of substrates and secretion is also …

Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various
proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between …

Efforts to discover antiviral drugs and diagnostic platforms have intensified to an
unprecedented level since the outbreak of COVID-19. Nano-sized endosomal vesicles …

Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected and incurable retrovirus estimated to
infect 5 to 10 million worldwide. Specific indigenous Australian populations report infection …

Autophagy, a highly conserved process, serves to maintain cellular homeostasis in
response to an extensive variety of internal and external stimuli. The classic, or canonical …

In 1976 Ebola revealed itself to the world, marking the beginning of a series of localized
outbreaks. However, it was the Ebola outbreak that began in 2013 that incited fear and …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs),
play an important regulatory role in controlling various biological processes. Both in vitro …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated particles released by eukaryotic
and prokaryotic cells into the extracellular environment. Depending on their origin, size, and …