The possible interconnection between the eye and central nervous system (CNS) has been
a topic of discussion for several years just based on fact that the eye is properly considered …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
The most common causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy are diabetic macular edema …

Diagnosis and treatment guidance are aided by detecting relevant biomarkers in medical
images. Although supervised deep learning can perform accurate segmentation of …

Background The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited capacity for
self-reparation and regeneration in mammals, is under cumulative environmental stress due …

Abstract Purpose of Review Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in
working-aged adults, remains clinically defined and staged by its vascular manifestations …

Retinopathy is one of the most severe diabetes‐related complications, and macular edema
is the major cause of central vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. Significant …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad
range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking …

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the major cause of visual impairment in people with
diabetes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now the most widely used modality to …

Diabetic retinal disease (DRD), the most common complication of diabetes and a leading
cause of blindness in working age individuals, is now understood to be a form of sensory …

Background Diabetic retinopathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is a leading
cause of sigh-loss in working age adults. Progressive loss of integrity of the retinal …