Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, joining
surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While early immunotherapies focused on …

Advances in cancer therapy in the past few years include the development of medications
that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and …

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Despite the fact that they are
relatively rare, they cause significant morbidity and mortality. High-grade gliomas or …

For 20 years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been a standard component of cancer
therapy, but there is still much room for improvement. Efforts continue to build better cancer …

In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT) particularly nanomaterial-based PTT is a
promising therapeutic modality and technique for cancer tumor ablation. In addition to killing …

Background Three checkpoint inhibitor drugs have been approved by the US Food and
Drug Administration for use in specific types of cancers. While the results are promising …

Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be
responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented …

Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the power and specificity of the immune system
to treat tumours. The molecular identification of human cancer-specific antigens has allowed …

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the immune checkpoint protein cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4; CD152)—ipilimumab and tremelimumab—have been …

Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We
find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In …