Rising partisan animosity is associated with a reduction in support for democracy and an
increase in support for political violence. Here we provide a multi-level review of …

Highlights•Polarization, that is, the separation and clustering of political attitudes, is good for
democracy in small doses.•However, excessive polarization leads people to disregard views …

American political observers express increasing concern about affective polarization, ie,
partisans' resentment toward political opponents. We advance debates about America's …

Political scientists, pundits, and citizens worry that America is entering a new period of
violent partisan conflict. Provocative survey data show that a large share of Americans …

Most Republicans in a January 2020 survey agreed that “the traditional American way of life
is disappearing so fast that we may have to use force to save it.” More than 40% agreed that …

Scholars warn that affective polarization undermines democratic norms and accountability.
They speculate that if citizens were less affectively polarized, they would be less likely to …

Scholars, policy makers, and the general public have expressed growing concern about the
possibility of large-scale political violence in the United States. Prior research substantiates …

Contemporary political ills at the mass behavior level (eg, outgroup aggression, conspiracy
theories) are often attributed to increasing polarization and partisan tribalism. We theorize …

The 2020 US Presidential Election saw an unprecedented number of false claims alleging
election fraud and arguing that Donald Trump was the actual winner of the election. Here we …

Authoritarianism has been the subject of scientific inquiry for nearly a century, yet the vast
majority of authoritarianism research has focused on right-wing authoritarianism. In the …