The reward deficiency syndrome: a biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive and compulsive behaviors

K Blum, ER Braverman, JM Holder… - … of psychoactive drugs, 2000 - Taylor & Francis
The dopaminergic system, and in particular the dopamine D2 receptor, has been implicated
in reward mechanisms. The net effect of neurotransmitter interaction at the mesolimbic brain …

Gender differences in factors influencing alcohol use and drinking progression among adolescents

MT Schulte, D Ramo, SA Brown - Clinical psychology review, 2009 - Elsevier
While prevalence rates for alcohol use and related disorders differ widely between adult
men and women, male and female adolescents do not exhibit the same disparity in alcohol …

Rewarding, stimulant, and sedative alcohol responses and relationship to future binge drinking

AC King, H De Wit, PJ McNamara… - Archives of general …, 2011 - jamanetwork.com
Context Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major problem in the United States and
abroad. Despite many years of study, it is unclear why some individuals drink alcohol …

The D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome

K Blum, PJ Sheridan, RC Wood… - Journal of the Royal …, 1996 - journals.sagepub.com
The dopaminergic system, and in particular the dopamine D2 receptor, has been profoundly
implicated in reward mechanisms in the brain. Dysfunction of the D2 dopamine receptors …

Reward deficiency syndrome

K Blum, JG Cull, ER Braverman, DE Comings - American Scientist, 1996 - JSTOR
We believe that we have discovered at least one genetic aberration that leads to an
alteration in the reward pathways of the brain. It is a variant form of the gene for the …

Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour

K Blum, PJ Sheridan, RC Wood… - Pharmacogenetics …, 1995 - journals.lww.com
Drug and alcohol seeking behaviour has become a great global problem affecting millions
of inhabitants with a cost to society in the billions. Dopaminergic reward pathways have …

The utility of neurophysiological markers in the study of alcoholism

B Porjesz, M Rangaswamy, C Kamarajan… - Clinical …, 2005 - Elsevier
OBJECTIVE: This review attempts to differentiate neuroelectric measures (
electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations …

P3 event-related potential amplitude and the risk for disinhibitory disorders in adolescent boys

WG Iacono, SR Carlson, SM Malone… - Archives of general …, 2002 - jamanetwork.com
Background The children of parents who abuse alcohol typically show reduced amplitude of
the P3 event-related potential wave. We determined if this effect was present in a population …

P300 amplitude as an indicator of externalizing in adolescent males

CJ Patrick, EM Bernat, SM Malone… - …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
Reduced P300 amplitude is reliably found in individuals with a personal or family history of
alcohol problems. However, alcoholism is part of a broader externalizing spectrum that …

Substance use disorders, externalizing psychopathology, and P300 event-related potential amplitude

WG Iacono, SM Malone, M McGue - International Journal of …, 2003 - Elsevier
We hypothesize the existence of an inherited predisposition for a spectrum of behaviors and
traits characterized by behavioral disinhibition. This externalizing spectrum includes …