The computational prediction of the out-of-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls is
a challenge. However, computational numerical models may provide, if properly calibrated …

The assessment of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls often involves experimental
characterisation of their in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) failure. While IP and OOP …

This paper provides a novel Finite Element (FE) simulation to estimate the out-of-plane
response of masonry prisms retrofitted with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) stripes. Empirical …

Structural retrofitting is carried out as an economical alternative to demolishing and
rebuilding existing masonry structures. Retrofitting is provided to offer structural upgrade and …

Unreinforced masonry walls are prone to failure when subjected to out-of-plane loading.
This is due to their low performance in bending, and often the lack of appropriate connection …

Masonry is the oldest building material, yet it is also the least understood due to the non-
linear and composite nature of masonry, which consists of brick units, mortar, and unit …

The world today is embracing a sustainable approach in all sectors. The construction
industry is grappling with the problem of minimizing energy consumption and lowering …

This paper addresses the imperative need for understanding the mechanical properties of
clay brick masonry with gypsum mortar, the primary construction material in Persian …

The normal and tangential adhesive strength between bricks and mortar in bed joints is the
main parameter that determines the performance of masonry under biaxial stress conditions …

Several studies on different techniques can be found on retrofitting existing unreinforced
masonry (URM) walls using varieties of materials ranging from reinforced plaster, grout and …