The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an
evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response …

Aging is accompanied by remodeling of the immune system. With time, this leads to a
decline in immune efficacy, resulting in increased vulnerability to infectious diseases …

Most older individuals develop inflammageing, a condition characterized by elevated levels
of blood inflammatory markers that carries high susceptibility to chronic morbidity, disability …

Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but
must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of …

Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured
exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including …

Age-related diseases are frequently linked to pathological immune dysfunction, including
excessive inflammation, autoreactivity and immunodeficiency. Recent analyses of human …

The aging immune system (immunosenescence) has been implicated with increased
morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Of note, T cell aging and low-grade inflammation …

Chronic inflammation, which is called “inflamm-aging”, is characterized by an increased
level of inflammatory cytokines in response to physiological and environmental stressors …

As global life expectancy continues to rise, we are challenged with maintaining health into
old age. One strategy is to target the chronic low-level inflammation associated with aging …

With the goal of representing common denominators of aging in different organisms López-
Otín et al. in 2013 described nine hallmarks of aging. Since then, this representation has …