Numerous studies showed decreased performance in situations that require multiple tasks
or actions relative to appropriate control conditions. Because humans often engage in such …

Since the concept of working memory was introduced over 50 years ago, different schools of
thought have offered different definitions for working memory based on the various cognitive …

Review of the evidence on, and fundamental questions about, efforts to improve executive
functions, including working memory Page 166 8 Review of the Evidence on, and Fundamental …

Abstract The 'Executive Functions'(EFs) of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive
flexibility enable us to think before we act, resist temptations or impulsive reactions, stay …

It has been claimed that working memory training programs produce diverse beneficial
effects. This article presents a meta-analysis of working memory training studies (with a …

Due to potential theoretical and societal implications, cognitive training has been one of the
most influential topics in psychology and neuroscience. The assumption behind cognitive …

Chess masters and expert musicians appear to be, on average, more intelligent than the
general population. Some researchers have thus claimed that playing chess or learning …

The efficacy of working memory (WM) training has been a controversial and hotly debated
issue during the past years. Despite a large number of training studies and several meta …

We present a new framework characterizing training-induced changes in WM as the
acquisition of novel cognitive routines akin to learning a new skill. Predictions were tested in …

Abstract Purpose of Review The article discusses the two most significant modifiable risk
factors for dementia, namely, physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity, and …