Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and
adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, a key
component of the innate immune system. TLRs detect invading pathogens and initiate an …

Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles such as archaeosomes and virosomes have
become important carrier systems in vaccine development and the interest for liposome …

Despite substantial scientific progress over the past two decades, malaria remains a
worldwide burden that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. New, affordable …

Nanoscale organization is crucial to stimulating an immune response. Using self-
assembling proteins as multimerization platforms provides a safe and immunogenic system …

Use of highly pure antigens to improve vaccine safety has led to reduced vaccine
immunogenicity and efficacy. This has led to the need to use adjuvants to improve vaccine …

It is striking that all marketed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed for intramuscular
administration designed to produce humoral and cell mediated immune responses …

Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection.
Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle …

The intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates the lifestyle of
bacteria and controls many key functions and mechanisms. In the case of bacterial …

Tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the tumor microenvironment
(TME). Recently, several studies indicate that modulating TME can enhance cancer …