Communication across the water–air interface is an open research problem. A common
solution is to place a relay on the water–air interface, which transmits received underwater …

Passive time reversal (PTR) technique can be exploited to reduce inter-symbol interference
(ISI) span and co-channel interference (CCI) span to some extent in the multiple-input …

The multipath spread in underwater acoustic channels is severe and, therefore, when the
symbol rate of the time reversal (TR) acoustic communication using single-carrier (SC) …