Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation of
the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma, which leads to progressive obstruction of the …

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic inflammatory,
demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) …

The Keap1–Nrf2 [Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1–nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-
like 2] pathway plays a central role in the protection of cells against oxidative and xenobiotic …

Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are
associated with an increased risk of infection, which makes treatment of this condition …

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Beyond the new anti-diabetic drugs that …

Oxidative stress is considered as one of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and
plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 …

Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell
apoptosis are important contributors to the development and pathogenesis of intervertebral …

In the past decade, changes have occurred in the spectrum of multiple sclerosis courses.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis appears milder from the first sign of demyelinating …

Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area (s) of the
brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death …

Depressive disorders are common in patients with multiple sclerosis, influencing their quality
of life and adherence to treatments, as well as becoming more frequent with the progression …