Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the
gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and …

Navigating a large swarm of micro-/nanorobots is critical for potential targeted
delivery/therapy applications owing to the limited volume/function of a single microrobot, and …

Biofilm eradication from medical implants is of fundamental importance, and the treatment of
biofilm‐associated pathogen infections on inaccessible biliary stents remains challenging …

The magnetic field has unique advantages in manipulating miniature robots working inside
the human body, such as high transparency to biological tissue and good controllability for …

Micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) are envisioned to act as “motile-targeting” platforms for
biomedical tasks due to their ability to propel and navigate in challenging, hard-to-reach …

Soft robots have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in a
variety of engineering and biomedical applications. Particularly, fluid-based soft robots, such …

Small‐scale robots (SSRs) have emerged as promising and versatile tools in various
biomedical, sensing, decontamination, and manipulation applications, as they are uniquely …

Magnetic miniature robots are promising tools for minimally invasive and noninvasive
therapy. Constructing systems with actuation–perception loops is an essential step to …

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential
in biomedical applications because of their collective active delivery ability, enhanced …