Recently, the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased rapidly and became a major
public health concern worldwide. Various factors are associated with the development of …

Background Peptides exhibit various functional properties and bioactivities, and have been
widely investigated and used in food area. However, using peptides alone may show some …

Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonise the human gut, and
certain species are recognised as the natural resident of human gut microbiota. Their …

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten exposure. The
contribution of the adaptive immune response to CD pathogenesis has been extensively …

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood‐
onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining …

JONES anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies. Patients should also be screened for
total IgA because this affects the reliability of the TTG test (13). These are accurate and …

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune small intestinal mucosal disorder that often presents
with diarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss. Often, one or more associated endocrine …

Celiac disease (CD) as a chronic gluten-sensitive intestinal condition, mainly affects
genetically susceptible hosts. The primary determinants of CD have been identified as …

Proline‐and glutamine‐rich gluten proteins are one of the major constituents of cereal
dietary proteins, which are largely resistant to complete cleavage by the human …

Gluten seems a potentially important determinant in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2
diabetes (T2D). Intake of gluten, a major component of wheat, rye, and barley, affects the …