Neuroinflammation is a critical degradative condition affecting neurons in the brain.
Progressive neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's …

Parkinson's disease (PD) may start in the gut and spread to the brain. To investigate the role
of gut microbiome, we conducted a large-scale study, at high taxonomic resolution, using …

Despite the wide research going on in Parkinson's disease (PD), the burden of PD still
remains high and continues to increase. The current drugs available for the treatment of PD …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which no approved
treatment exists to prevent collective neuronal death. There is ample evidence that …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease are neurodegenerative diseases of
the motor system which are now recognized also to affect non-motor pathways. Non-motor …

Sphingosine receptors (S1PRs) are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative
diseases and metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between …

Background and purpose Executive function impairment, a slight but noticeable cognitive
deficit in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, is influenced by gamma-aminobutyric …

Neurotransmitters like dopamine (DA), serotonin (SRT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
acetylcholine (ACh) are messenger molecules that play a pivotal role in transmitting …

In vitro and preclinical in vivo research in the last 35 years has clearly highlighted the crucial
physiopathological role of glial cells, namely astrocytes/microglia/oligodendrocytes and …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered the gold-
standard treatment for PD; however, underlying therapeutic mechanisms need to be …