It is apparent that future energy systems need increased flexibility for example due to wider
adoption of variable renewable production, general transition towards decarbonization, and …

District heating is of great significance for the Nordic countries due to the high heat demand.
The Finnish government has set a national target of carbon neutrality in 2035. This implies a …

This paper introduces a novel optimization approach to design and operate hybrid heating
system, which integrates existing centralized district heating assets and decentralized heat …

Lithuania, as other European countries with cold climates, has well developed district
heating systems. Lithuania's national energy strategy aims to reduce the dependence on …

Heating and cooling account for 50% of the European Union's energy consumption and,
therefore, reducing its impact is essential to minimise dependency on energy imports …

A cost-optimised transition pathway towards 100% renewable energy was simulated for
Finland. This transition was consistent with EU and international targets to achieve …

The data usage surge drives greater data center demand, amplifying global CO 2 emissions.
Mitigating climate change necessitates reducing data center CO 2 emissions. Reusing …

Technological development has decreased costs and improved the efficiency of heat pumps
(HPs). In some cases, heat produced with HPs is already less expensive compared to district …

The price of district heating in Sweden is unregulated and differs substantially among
different networks. This paper investigates if the price variation can partly be explained by …

Heating and electricity account for one-quarter of annual global greenhouse gas emissions.
Many countries still use natural gas and oil for central heating, but interest in district heating …