Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an
immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength …

Mucosal surfaces are the first site of infection for most infectious diseases and oral
vaccination can provide protection as the first line of defense. Unlike systemic …

​ Summary Globally, infection by seasonal influenza viruses causes 3–5 million cases of
severe illness and 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza …

The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often
vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of …

The low therapeutic efficacy of current cancer immunotherapy is related to nonimmunogenic
and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome these limitations …

Infectious diseases are a major cause for morbidity and mortality in the older population.
Demographic changes will lead to increasing numbers of older persons over the next …

Laboratory mice comprise an expeditious model for preclinical vaccine testing; however,
vaccine immunogenicity in these models often inadequately translates to humans …

Improved influenza vaccines are urgently needed to reduce the burden of seasonal
influenza and to ensure a rapid and effective public-health response to future influenza …

Influenza vaccines remain the most effective tools to prevent flu and its complications.
Trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines primarily elicit antibodies towards …

Despite recent efforts demonstrating that organization and presentation of vaccine
components are just as important as composition in dictating vaccine efficacy, antiviral …