The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System
(GIS) has been identified as a promising but challenging topic to transform information …

CityGML is the international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for the
representation and exchange of 3D city models. It defines the three-dimensional geometry …

Existing indoor navigation approaches such as navigation based on 2D geometries and pre-
defined routing remain insufficient for many applications such as emergency response …

Abstract Virtual Geographic Environments (VGEs) are proposed as a new generation of
geographic analysis tool to contribute to human understanding of the geographic world and …

Emergency response and pedestrian route planning rely highly on indoor–outdoor
geospatial data and a network model of the data; however, indoor geospatial data collection …

The tracking of the locations of moving objects in large indoor spaces is important, as it
enables a range of applications related to, eg, security and indoor navigation and guidance …

This paper begins by reviewing the motivation for an informatics of indoor space. It then
discusses application domains and consider why current geospatial technology, with its …

This article proposes a comprehensive approach to computing a navigation graph for an
indoor space. It focuses on a single floor, but the work is easily extensible to multi-level …

3D geo-database research is a promising field to support challenging applications such as
3D urban planning, environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, and early …

As we realize that we spend most of our time in increasingly complex indoor environments,
applications to assist indoor activities (eg guidance) have gained a lot of attention in the …