The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

From a neurobiological perspective there is no such thing as bipolar disorder. Rather, it is
almost certainly the case that many somewhat similar, but subtly different, pathological …

Bipolar disorder is a common, complex genetic disorder, but the mode of transmission
remains to be discovered. Many researchers assume that common genomic variants carry …

Objective: The objective is to verify whether a genetic condition associated with bipolar
disorder (BD) is frequent in old adults adapted to their environment, without BD, but with …

Objective Most first lifetime episodes among persons eventually diagnosed with bipolar
disorder are depressive, often with years of delay to a final differentiation from unipolar …

For the first time in history, most of the population has a life expectancy equal or greater than
60 years. By the year 2050, it is expected that the world population in that age range will …

Although mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play an essential role in the pathophysiology
of bipolar disorder (BD), there is a glaring gap in our understanding of how mitochondrial …

The progress of developing effective interventions against psychiatric disorders has been
limited due to a lack of understanding of the underlying cellular and functional mechanisms …

People with bipolar disorder (BD) all too often have suboptimal long-term outcomes with
existing treatment options. They experience relapsing episodes of depression and mania …

Neuropharmacology had several major past successes, but the last few decades did not
witness any leap forward in the drug treatment of brain disorders. Moreover, current drugs …