Purpose The development of vaccines that confer protection against multiple avian influenza
A (AIA) virus strains is necessary to prevent the emergence of highly infectious strains that …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is one of the most and intensely studied viral
pathogens in the history of science. However, despite the huge scientific effort, many …

Computer simulations play an important role as a tool for predicting and understanding the
behaviour of complex systems. The immune system is one such system, and it is feasible to …

The development of mathematical models of the immune response allows a better
understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms of the defense system. The main purpose of …

The recent tumor research has lead scientists to recognize the central role played by cancer
stem cells in sustaining malignancy and chemo-resistance. A model of cancer presented by …

Many mathematical and computational models have been developed to investigate the
complexity of HIV dynamics, immune response and drug therapy. However, there are not …

As cellular variability and circadian rhythmicity play critical roles in immune and
inflammatory responses, we present in this study an agent-based model of human …

Agent-based modeling has been used to characterize the nested control loops and non-
linear dynamics associated with inflammatory and immune responses, particularly as a …

Global container repositioning in liner shipping has always been a challenging problem in
container transportation as the global market in maritime logistics is complex and …

Agent-based modeling is a computational modeling framework for simulating the
interactions of multiple diverse agents representing a complex system or phenomenon. The …