The earliest jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomes) would likely have had interferon (IFN) genes,
since they are present in extant cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and bony fish (lobe …

Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Interferons orchestrate host antiviral responses in jawed vertebrates. They are categorized
into three classes; IFN1 and IFN3 are the primary antiviral cytokine lineages, while IFN2 …

Abstract Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but
remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed …

Teleost fish are unique in having type I and type II interferons (IFNs) only, and the type I IFNs
are classified into Group one and Group two based on the presence of two or four cysteines …

Antiviral type I interferons (IFNs) have been discovered in fish. Genomic studies revealed
their considerable number in many species; some genes encode secreted and non-secreted …

Teleost type I interferons (IFNs) are categorized into group I and II subgroups that bind to
distinct receptors to activate antiviral responses. However, the interaction between ifn …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine that plays important roles in
almost all phases of immune and inflammatory responses. Although IFN-γ gene in large …

The implementation of antiviral treatments and prophylaxis strategies in fish aquaculture
needs to be established. The absence of commercial vaccines for most viral diseases …

In mammals, type I IFNs, which commonly contain one or two disulfide bonds, activate the
JAK-STAT signaling pathway through binding to the common cell surface receptor formed by …