Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability.
Most strokes are caused by occlusion of a major cerebral artery, and substantial advances …

Over the past decades, microbiome research has evolved rapidly and became a hot topic in
basic, preclinical and clinical research, for the pharmaceutical industry and for the general …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) continues to represent one of the most significant challenges
for successful drug-based treatments of neurological disease. Mechanical modulation of the …

The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting
an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells …

In Part 1 of this publication we provided a partial history of preclinical systematic reviews in
both the UK and the Netherlands during the years 2000–2022. 1 Here in Part 2, we …

Fumarates are successfully used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Their
antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties make fumarates attractive …

With devastating logic and clarity, Dr Pandora Pound, Research Director at Safer Medicines
Trust, comprehensively dismantles the case for animal research, bringing to an end the 150 …

Abstract 3D‐scaffold based in vitro human tissue models accelerate disease studies and
screening of pharmaceutics while improving the clinical translation of findings. Here is …

Simple Summary To develop new medical treatments, animal studies are used. However,
there are questions and concerns about the usefulness of preclinical animal research …

Scientists are usually good at teaching, sometimes even to lay audiences. But
communicating with journalists, activists, or policymakers can be a different story–hesitancy …