We provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the claim that individual differences exist in
developmental plasticity and that phenotypic plasticity should be a subject of study in its own …

Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric
disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading
cause of disability. Several theories have been proposed to explain its pathological …

Evidence that adverse rearing environments exert negative effects particularly on children
and adults presumed “vulnerable” for temperamental or genetic reasons may actually reflect …

Background Major depression is a disabling psychiatric illness with complex origins. Life
stress (childhood adversity and recent stressful events) is a robust risk factor for depression …

Background Depression is thought to be multifactorial in etiology, including genetic and
environmental components. While a number of gene-environment interaction studies have …

Depression is a devastating psychiatric disorder caused by a combination of genetic
predisposition and life events, mainly exposure to stress. Early life stress (ELS) in particular …

The burgeoning field of gene-by-environment (G× E) interactions has revealed fascinating
biological insights, particularly in the realm of stress-, anxiety-, and depression-related …

Adolescent Depression: Stress and Reward Dysfunction : Harvard Review of Psychiatry
Adolescent Depression: Stress and Reward Dysfunction : Harvard Review of Psychiatry Log in …

Background. Previous studies suggest that the relationship between genetic risk and
depression may be moderated by stressful life events (SLEs). The goal of this study was to …