Following cancer, cells in a particular tissue can no longer respond to the factors involved in
controlling cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and death. In recent years, it has been …

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with
vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is …

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium
that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents. Metagenomic data have shown …

Throughout history, oral administration has been regarded as the most convenient mode of
drug delivery, as it requires minimal expertise and invasiveness. Although oral delivery …

Introduction: The gastrointestinal mucosa constitutes a critical barrier where millions of
microbes and environmental antigens come in close contact with the host immune system …

Oral delivery of protein drugs is considered a life-changing solution for patients who require
regular needle injections. However, clinical translation of oral protein formulations has been …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites generated by bacterial fermentation of
dietary fiber (DF) in the hindgut. SCFAs are mainly composed of acetate, propionate and …

The gastrointestinal tract consists of an enormous surface area that is optimized to efficiently
absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food. At the same time, it needs to provide a …

Background/Aims: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major energy resources of
intestinal epithelial cells. It has been reported that SCFAs can repair the dysfunction of …

Microbiological treatments are expected to have a role in the future management of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is a probiotic …