Introduction Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting
other infectious diseases and more serious outcomes among people who become infected …

Aims To estimate the association of smoking status with rates of (i) infection,(ii)
hospitalization,(iii) disease severity and (iv) mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 disease …

OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients - PMC Back to
Top Skip to main content NIH NLM Logo Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly affected mortality worldwide.
There is unprecedented urgency to understand who is most at risk of severe outcomes, and …

Numerous observational studies have attempted to identify risk factors for infection with
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease outcomes. Studies have used datasets sampled from …

Background and aims COVID-19 and low levels of vitamin D appear to disproportionately
affect black and minority ethnic individuals. We aimed to establish whether blood 25 …

Background Establishing who is at risk from a novel rapidly arising cause of death, and why,
requires a new approach to epidemiological research with very large datasets and timely …

A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread
worldwide. As no approved therapeutics exists to treat COVID-19, the disease associated to …

The cardiovascular system is significantly affected in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).
Microvascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis resulting from viral infection or …

Background There is uncertainty about the associations of angiotensive enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs with COVID-19 disease. We studied …