Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more
than 500 million people globally (as of May 2022), creating the coronavirus disease 2019 …

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health crisis and economic burden
worldwide. Its etiological agent SARS‐CoV‐2, a new virus in the coronavirus family, has …

Antibodies play a central role in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2. Emerging
evidence has shown that nonneutralizing antibodies are important for immune defense …

The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the emergence of Omicron, which
displays notable immune escape potential through mutations at key antigenic sites on the …

Despite rapid and ongoing vaccine and therapeutic development, SARS-CoV-2 continues to
evolve and evade, presenting a need for next-generation diverse therapeutic modalities …

The repeat emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) with decreased
susceptibility to vaccine-elicited antibodies highlights the need to develop next-generation …

Currently, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding
domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein are classified into seven classes based on their binding …

Background COVID-19 vaccines have been critical for protection against severe disease
following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) but …

Early humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) are dominated by IgM and IgA antibodies, which greatly contribute to virus …

The rapidly spreading Omicron variant is highly resistant to vaccines, convalescent sera,
and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), highlighting the urgent need for potent therapeutic nAbs …