Aims: To develop a consistent ecological indicator value system for Europe for five of the
main plant niche dimensions: soil moisture (M), soil nitrogen (N), soil reaction (R), light (L) …

Plant community composition and functional traits respond to chronic drivers such as climate
change and nitrogen (N) deposition. In contrast, pulse disturbances from ecosystem …

The multifunctional role of shade trees for conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem
services in natural forests and agroforests is well documented, yet we lack insights into the …

Functional traits respond to environmental drivers, hence evaluating trait‐environment
relationships across spatial environmental gradients can help to understand how multiple …

The increase in severity of droughts associated with greater mortality and reduced
vegetation growth is one of the main threats to tropical forests. Drought resilience of tropical …

Understory plants are one of the important components of forest biological diversity and play
important roles in forest function. Although convincing evidence exists that mixed-species …

Climate warming is likely to shift the range margins of species poleward, but fine‐scale
temperature differences near the ground (microclimates) may modify these range shifts. For …

Forest edges are interfaces between forest interiors and adjacent land cover types. They are
important elements in the landscape with almost 20% of the global forest area located within …

Tree thinning affects the light environment, which in turn affects the growth and survival of
understory vegetation, thus improving species diversity and nutrient cycling, as well as the …

Photodegradation is an important mechanism that affects carbon and nutrient cycling; a
significant amount of data has been reported previously. The present review includes the …