Diffusive intracellular and extracellular ions induce a gradient electromagnetic field that
regulates membrane potential, and energy injection from external stimuli breaks the energy …

Continuous dynamical systems with different nonlinear terms can show rich dynamical
characteristic, which can be presented and verified in nonlinear oscillators. Reliable …

Local activity is regarded as the origin of complexity. In this study, a locally active memristor
with coexisting two stable pinched hysteresis loops and two local activity regions is …

A reliable functional neural circuit can estimate the information encoding and signal
exchange between neurons, and thus the recognition of electric activities in biological …

Both electric and chemical synapses play an important role in receiving and propagating
signals, and thus an isolated neuron and neurons in networks can be activated to trigger …

Reliable neural circuit can address the field energy in exact form and equivalent Hamilton
energy is obtained for theoretical models. Furthermore, the energy dependence on firing …

Auditory system in animals can capture external sound signals, which can be converted into
biophysical electric signals, and then the auditory neurons are activated to generate kinds of …

Temperature has distinct impact on the activation of neural activities by adjusting the
excitability and channel conductance. Some biological neurons can percept slight changes …

A variety of nonlinear circuits can be tamed to reproduce the main dynamical properties in
neural activities for biological neurons while designing reliable artificial synapses for …

The membrane potential of a neuron is mainly controlled by the gradient distribution of
electromagnetic field and concentration diversity between intracellular and extracellular …