Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem involving chronic infection of the
liver, which can cause liver disease and is linked with liver cancer. Viral innate immune …

Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of
innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host–pathogen interactions …

Until the mid-nineteenth century, life expectancy at birth averaged 20 years worldwide,
owing mostly to childhood fevers. The germ theory of diseases then gradually overcame the …

Interferon (IFN) is widely recognised to be an integral part of the innate immune response to
viral infection. Since its initial discovery in 1957 by Isaacs and Lindenmann, various IFN sub …

Over recent years, it has become increasingly accepted that virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+
T cell responses play a major role in outcome and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) …

The RIG-I like receptor pathway is stimulated during RNA virus infection by interaction
between cytosolic RIG-I and viral RNA structures that contain short hairpin dsRNA and 5 …

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed persons, and
vaccination often confers insufficient protection. IL-28B, a member of the interferon (IFN)-λ …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The type III interferons (IFN-λs: interleukin [IL]-28a, IL-28b, and IL-
29) have important roles in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but little is understood about …

Innate cytokine response provides the first line of defense against influenza virus infection.
However, excessive production of cytokines appears to be critical in the pathogenesis of …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death in the
world. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents one of the most common risk factors …