Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, patients with and survivors of
COVID-19 can suffer neurological symptoms 1, 2, 3. However, an unbiased understanding …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three
fundamental components of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of …

INTRODUCTION Understanding human immune responses to severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA vaccines is of interest for a panoply of reasons …

Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

T cells are involved in control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To establish the patterns of
immunodominance of different SARS-CoV-2 antigens and precisely measure virus-specific …

In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful
technique for investigating cellular heterogeneity and structure. However, analyzing scRNA …