In recent decades, research on the therapeutic potential of progenitor cells has advanced
considerably. Among progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted …

Tissue engineering strategies for treating bone loss to date have largely focused on
targeting stem cells or vascularization. Immune cells, including macrophages and T cells …

Developing multifunctional wound dressings capable of inducing rapid angiogenesis
provides promise for diabetic wound healing, and triggering proper immune responses has …

In clinical practice, repairing osteochondral defects presents a challenge due to the varying
biological properties of articular cartilages and subchondral bones. Thus, elucidating how …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) harbours various signals to control cellular functions and the
materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …

Diabetic wounds represent a persistent global health challenge with a substantial impact on
patients' health and overall well-being. Herein, a hydrogel system that integrates …

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated regenerative
potential for cell-free bone tissue engineering, nevertheless, certain challenges, including …

Craniofacial bone regeneration is a coupled process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis,
which, associated with infection, still remains a challenge in bone defects after trauma or …

Exosomes and biomimetic vesicles are widely used for gene delivery because of their
excellent gene loading capacity and stability and their natural targeting delivery potential …