In concert with neuropeptides and transmitters, the end products of the hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone …

Romantic love is a phenomenon of immense interest to the general public as well as to
scholars in several disciplines. It is known to be present in almost all human societies and …

Long overlooked in neuroscience research, sex and gender are increasingly included as
key variables potentially impacting all levels of neurobehavioral analysis. Still, many …

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, causing significant
suffering and disability. Relative to other psychiatric disorders, anxiety disorders tend to …

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global societal, economic, and social upheaval
unseen in living memory. There have been substantial cross-national differences in the …

Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining
a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive …

Oxytocin is a peptide molecule with a multitude of physiological and behavioral functions.
Based on its association with reproduction-including social bonding, sexual behavior, birth …

Testicular androgens during the perinatal period play an important role in the sexual
differentiation of the brain of rodents. Testicular androgens transported into the brain act via …

There is compelling evidence that sex and gender have crucial roles in excessive alcohol
(ethanol) consumption. Here, we review some of the data from the perspective of brain …

Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among adolescents and young adults,
including pregnant women. There is substantial evidence for a significant association …